Source: Mark White (2025)
Total Deaths: Estimates for the total number of Palestinian deaths vary significantly depending on the source and time period. The Gaza Ministry of Health (MoH) has reported figures exceeding 30,000, reaching over 50,000 in some reports. A capture-recapture analysis published in The Lancet estimated approximately 64,260 deaths from traumatic injuries by June 30, 2024 (with a range of 55,298 to 78,525), suggesting the MoH figure of 37,877 for that period was an undercount.
Combatant Deaths: The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) have claimed to have killed between 12,000 and over 17,000 militants. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu cited a figure of around 14,000 militants killed out of approximately 30,000 total deaths as of May 2024. Hamas acknowledged losing 6,000 fighters as of February 15, 2024. The Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) linked approximately 8,500 militant fatalities to specific IDF operational reports by October 2024. Action on Armed Violence (AOAV) estimated a maximum of 10,595 combatants based on their analysis of the MoH list of 40,717 identified deaths.
It's important to remember that these figures come from various sources with different methodologies and potential biases, and independent verification remains extremely challenging.