Israel - Did You Know and Proposals for Alternative Jewish States

..That Israel has the 8th longest life expectancy in the world: 82.0 years. More than the United Kingdom, the United States and Germany.
...That there are 26 official Muslim States, 18 official Christian States, but there is only 1 Jewish State - Israel.
...That relative to its size, Israel is the largest immigrant absorbing nation on Earth, it has absorbed 350% of its population in 60 years.
...That Israel has more Nobel Prizes per capita than the United States, France and Germany. It has more laureates, in real numbers, than India, Spain and China.[1]
...That Israel's capital city, Jerusalem, is a holy city for Jews, Christians, and Muslims.
...That Israel is the only country in the world that entered the 21st century with a net gain of trees, made more remarkable by the fact that it is 60% desert.[1]
...That 93% of Israeli homes use Solar energy for water heating, the highest percentage in the world.[1]
...That Israeli scientific research institutions are ranked 3rd in the world.[1]
...That Israel is ranked 2nd in space sciences.[1]
...That Israel is one of the ten countries in the world capable of launching its own satellites.[2][3]
...That Israel produces more scientific papers per capita than any other nation by a large margin -109 per 10,000 people - as well as one of the highest per capita rates of patents filed.[1]
...That Israel has the 3rd highest rate of entrepreneurship amongst women in the world.[1]
...That Israel has attracted the most venture capital investment per capita in the world, 30 times more than Europe.[1]
...That Israel leads the world in patents for medical equipment.[1]
...That Israel has more NASDAQ listed companies than any other country, besides the US. More than all of Europe, India, China and Japan combined.[1]
...That in proportion to its population Israel has the largest number of startup companies in the world. In absolute numbers Israel has more startup companies than any other country besides the US.[1]
...That Israel has the highest number of museums per capita in the world.[4]
...That Israel is the 8th happiest country on Earth.[5]
...That Israel has one of the best healthcare systems in the world according to OECD.[6]
...That Israel is ranked 16th in the Human Development Index. It's the highest standard of living in the Middle East, and the third highest in Asia.[7]
...That Israel is ranked 27th in terms of Gross domestic product per capita with $32,297.[8]
...That Israel is among the top three countries in cyber attack defense.[9]
...That Israel is the country which offers the best conditions for clean technology startup companies after Denmark.[10]
...That Israel has the highest ratio of university degrees to population in the world.[11]
...That Israeli universities are among the best of the world.[12][13]
...That Israel is the second-most educated country after Canada.[14]
...That Israel is the Middle East’s only "free" state, according to Freedom House annual report.[15]
...That almost 1/3 of all Israelis do volunteer work.[16]
...That Israel's $300 billion economy is larger than all of its immediate neighbors combined.[17]
...That Israel has the highest percentage in the world of home computers per capita.[17]
...That Israel was the first nation in the world to adopt the Kimberly process, an international standard that certifies diamonds as "conflict free."[17]
...That Israel has the largest fleet of F-16 aircraft outside of the US, numbering 250.[17]
...That the proportion of women among R&D workers in Israel is approximately 23.4%. This puts Israel in second place behind Denmark. Women earned 37% of all degrees granted in science and engineering in Israel, one of the highest proportions in the world.[18]
...That the military of Israel is ranked the 11th most powerful military in the world. [19]
The name Israel, given to the Biblical patriarch Jacob mentioned in Genesis, means "one who has struggled with God".
Golda MeirGolda Meir, the first female Prime Minister of Israel and the first female Prime Minister in the world, was called the "Iron Lady" years before the epithet was coined for Margaret Thatcher. David Ben-Gurion once described her as "the only man in the Cabinet."
Israel leads the world in the number of scientists and technicians in the workforce, with 145 per 10,000, as opposed to 85 in the US, over 70 in Japan, and less than 60 in Germany. With over 25% of its work force employed in technical professions. Israel places first in this category as well. 24% of Israel's workforce hold university degrees, ranking third in the industrialized world (after the US and Holland) and 12% hold advanced degrees. [1]
Israel has the highest in the world ratio of university degrees to the population.
Israel has the highest per capita ratio of scientific publications in the world by a large margin, as well as one of the highest per capita rates of patents filed.
In proportion to its population, Israel has the largest number of startup companies in the world. In absolute terms, Israel has the largest number of startup companies than any other country in the world, except the US (3,500 companies mostly in high tech). On a per capita basis, Israel has the largest number of biotech start-ups.
The cell phone was developed in Israel by Motorola-Israel.
Voice mail technology was developed in Israel.
Both Microsoft and Cisco built their only R&D facilities outside the US in Israel.
The Pentium MMX and Centrino as well as Core Duo chips were designed by the Israel R&D division of Intel.
National spending in Israel on civilian R&D rose 164% in 1990-2004. In terms of purchasing power, it grew 126% in 1996-2002, while GDP rose 29%. To compare, Ireland's R&D spending was up 40%, while GDP grew 64%.
An average of 1,549 scientific articles per million residents per year were published by Israel in 1999-2003. This puts Israel just behind Switzerland in this category. The corresponding numbers are 900 for the US and 729 for the EU.
Israel accounted for 1.28% of all scientific articles worldwide. The leading field in Israel was mathematics, in which Israel accounted for 2.74% of all articles, followed by computer science (2.22%) and physics (1.52%).
The proportion of women among R&D workers in Israel was 23.4%. This puts Israel in second place, behind Denmark. Women accounted for 37% of all degrees granted in science and engineering in Israel, one of the highest proportions in the world. (Source: [2])
Israeli exports topped $37 billion in 2004, accounting for 0.6% of world exports and ranking Israel in the 26th place among the top world exporters. Israel’s imports reached $43 billion, also amounting to 0.6% of the world’s total imports and placing Israel in 23rd spot among the world’s importers.

CATEGORIES - ISRAEL
Wikipedia

…Buildings and structures in Israel
…Israeli culture
…Economy of Israel
…Education in Israel
…Environment of Israel
…Geography of Israel
…Government of Israel
…Health in Israel
…History of Israel
…Israel-related lists
…Israeli people
…Politics of Israel
…Israeli society
…Images of Israel
…Israel stubs

PROPOSALS FOR ALTERNATIVE JEWISH HOMELANDS
Wikipedia

MAJOR PROPOSALS

1 Andinia Plan
(Spanish: plan Andinia) refers to both former ideas (dating to the 19th century) to establish a Jewish state in parts of Argentina
2 Ararat city
In 1820, in a precursor to modern Zionism, Mordecai Manuel Noah tried to found a Jewish homeland at Grand Island in the Niagara River, to be called "Ararat," after Mount Ararat,

3 British Uganda Program
The British Uganda Program was a plan to give a portion of British East Africa to the Jewish people as a homeland.

The offer was first made by British Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain to Theodore Herzl's Zionist group in 1903. He offered 5,000 square miles (13,000 km2) of the Mau Plateau in what is today Kenya. The offer was a response to pogroms against the Jews in Russia, and it was hoped the area could be a refuge from persecution for the Jewish people.

4 Jewish Autonomous Oblast in USSR
On March 28, 1928, the Presidium of the General Executive Committee of the USSR passed the decree "On the attaching for Komzet of free territory near the Amur River in the Far East for settlement of the working Jews." The decree meant that there was "a possibility of establishment of a Jewish administrative territorial unit on the territory of the called region".

5 Fugu plan
Refers to memoranda written in the 1930s Imperial Japan proposing settling Jewish refugees escaping Nazi-occupied Europe in Japanese territories

6 Madagascar plan
A suggested policy of the Third Reich government of Nazi Germany to forcibly relocate the Jewish population of Europe to the island of Madagascar.

7 British Guiana
In March 1940, the issue of an alternative Jewish Homeland was raised and British Guiana (now Guyana) was discussed in this context. But the British Government decided that "the problem is at present too problematical to admit of the adoption of a definite policy and must be left for the decision of some future Government in years to come".[16]

OTHER JEWISH SELF-GOVERNANCE PROPOSALS
Ancient Proposals

Adiabene –
An ancient kingdom in Mesopotamia with its capital at Arbil was ruled by Jewish converts during the first century.

Anilai and Asinai –
Babylonian-Jewish chieftains.

Mahoza –
During the beginning of sixth century Mar-Zutra II formed a politically independent state where he ruled from Mahoza for about 7 years.

Nehardea –
The seat of the exilarch in Babylonia.

Khaybar –
A self-governed oasis in Arabia.

Himyar –
There were many Jewish kings at this region of Yemen since 390 CE when a local chieftain named Tub'a Abu Kariba As'ad formed an Empire.

Kingdom of Semien –
A Jewish kingdom in Ethiopia

Touat –
A self-governed oasis in Algeria

Middle ages to 19th century

The Resh Galuta or Exilarch
Exercised considerable authority over the Jewish community in the Persian Empire and later the Caliphate

Khazar kingdom –
During the Middle Ages Khazaria's official religion was Judaism. Jewish scholars and refugees were actively invited to settle within Khazar territory, particularly in Tmutarakan and the Crimea.

Makhir of Narbonne
And possibly his descendents were acknowledged by the Carolingian emperors as ethnarchs of western Jewry, with their seat at Narbonne

Council of Four Lands –
The central body of Jewish authority in Poland from 1580 to 1764. Seventy delegates from local kehillot met to discuss taxation and other issues important to the Jewish community. The "four lands" were Greater Poland, Little Poland, Ruthenia and Volhynia.

Principality of Malabar
From the eighth century to 1524 the Cochin Jews had an ethnarch ruling over them.

The Mountain Jews of remote parts of Daghestan
Were self-ruling for much of the medieval and early modern period.

Jarawa Berber tribe on the Maghreb
In the seventh century, believed to be Jews, and resisted arabicization under the leadership of Queen Kahina.

Jodensavanne:
An attempt to establish a safe haven for Jews in Surinam

Banou Israel:
Tribe of Jews of Bilad el-Sudan in Fati Lake Mali

Recent Proposals

Location of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in the Russian Federation.

In the early 20th century Cyprus and El Arish on the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt and its environs were proposed as a site for Jewish settlement by Herzl.

A Jewish "republic" under Arab or Transjordanian suzerainty
This was put forward by the Hashemite kings of Hejaz and emirs of Transjordan; the closest these proposals came to fruition was the Faisal-Weizmann Agreement, which proved to be impossible to implement subsequent to the division of the Levant into League of Nations Mandates.

Eastern Arabia
A Russian Jewish doctor residing in France named Dr M L Rothstein proposed the establishment of a Jewish state in Al-Hasa modern day Saudi Arabia in September 1917.

Jewish Autonomous Oblast
Was a region created by the Soviet Union in the Russian Far East. It has been in existence from 1934 to the present.

Salonika in the Ottoman Empire
Was populated mainly by Sephardim with Judeo-Spanish as the main language. After its incorporation to the Kingdom of Greece, it remained very Jewish until the arrival of Greek refugees from Anatolia in the 1920s.

Albania
In 1935, British Zionist journalist Leo Elton traveled to Albania, apparently at his own initiative, to see if it would be possible to establish a Jewish national entity there. The Kimberley Plan was a failed plan by the Freeland League, led by Isaac Nachman Steinberg, to resettle Jewish refugees from Europe in the Kimberley region in Australia before and during the Holocaust.

In 1941 from Lord Moyne's
East Prussia after Germany was defeated and the area's German inhabitants were expelled.

Kiryas Joel, New York
A town composed largely of Yiddish-speaking Hasidic Jews.

Qırmızı Qəsəbə (formerly in Russian: Krasnaya Sloboda, English: Red Town)–
The town is the primary settlement of Azerbaijan's population of Mountain Jews, who make up the population of approximately 4,000.

Sitka, Alaska –
A plan for Jews to settle the Sitka area in Alaska

Vietnam
Vietnamese government officials in 2005, told Israeli officials of a plan discussed between Ho Chi Minh and Moshe Dayan to invite Jews to live in the country. No documentation of the offer and discussion has yet been made available.

(Editors Note Tiberias proposed, and initially settled about 1560 was the only Jewish state in the area later occupied by Israel (see Dona Gracia Mendes and a Jewish State in Tiberias)

Following the creation of the State of Israel, the goal of establishing a Jewish state was achieved. However, since then, there have been some proposals for a second Jewish state, in addition to Israel:

Many Israeli settlers in the West Bank have mulled declaring independence as the State of Judea should Israel ever withdraw from the West Bank. The idea first surfaced following the PLO's declaration of a Palestinian state in 1988. Some settler activists feared that Israel would bow to international pressure and withdraw from the West Bank, and sought to lay the groundwork for a religious state in the West Bank should this come to pass. In January 1989, several hundred activists met and announced their intention to create such a state in the event of Israeli withdrawal. The idea has been raised multiple times since.
In May 2007, Israeli art student Ronen Eidelman, who was studying in Germany at the time, launched the "Medinat Weimar" movement, a political movement for the establishment of a second Jewish state in Thuringia, Germany, with Weimar as its capital.[30]

ANTI-ZIONIST PROPOSALS FOR ALTERNATIVE JEWISH HOMELANDS

As a prevailing strain of anti-Zionism puts forth an opposition to Israel's existence in the Middle East, a smaller wing of anti-Zionism focuses upon the circumstances of the resulting region-wide conflict which followed Israel's Jewish settlement and 1948 declaration of independence; this ideology proposes the hypothetical resettlement of the entire Jewish Israeli population in another isolated region of the world outside the Middle East.

LINKS

1. Rabbi Ephraim Shore (13 April 2010). Israel: Defying all odds (FLV)
(Video clip). Israel: Aish HaTorah. Retrieved December 27, 2010.

2. Ofek-9: Israel Launches New Spy Satellite

3. Satellite Launch-capable countries

4. Interesting Facts about Israel

5. Israel World's 8th Happiest Country

http://worldhappiness.report/ LiveScience (Infographic)

6. OECD: Israel has 1 of the best healthcare systems

7. "Human development indices" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 4 November 2010.

8. International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, September 2011: Report for Selected Countries and Subjects.
Data for the year 2011.

9. Israel Among Top 3 in Cyber Attack Defense

10. World Rankings for Clean Tech Innovation: Israel Ranks #2

11. Israeli Academic Programs

12. "Top 100". Center for World University Rankings. 2013.

13. "Four Israeli Universities Among World's Best".
i24news. September 17, 2014.

14. OECD: Israel is Second-most Educated Country

15. US Watchdog: Israel is Mideast’s only 'Free' State

16. Hot Topics About Modern Israel

17. "Interesting Facts About Israel".

18. Israeli Civilian R&D Spending up 164% in 1990-2004

19. www.globalfirepower.com

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Proposals for Alternative Jewish Homelands

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ISRAEL - DID YOU KNOW?
AND ALTERNATIVE JEWISH STATES